Objetive Describe the technique, results in terms of pain improvement and complications to perform this procedure by computed tomography. Materials and Methods A descriptive observational study of a 108 cases series of percutaneous vertebroplasty guided by computed tomography performed in two university hospitals between May 2007 and May 2017. All procedures were performed with local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, pain was assessed by means of the Visual analogue scale (VAS). Results A total of 125vertebroplasties were performed. In 87.9% (n = 95) of the patients, the procedure was performed in one vertebral body, in 8.3% (n = 9) and 3.7% (n = 4) of the patientshad two or three vertebrae cemented respectively. The range of pain according to VAS prior to treatment varied between 5 and 10, where 94% (n = 102) of the patients manifested a 10/10 intensity; after treatment, the range of pain varied between 0 to 7 where 98% of the population reported a value less than or equal to 3. Three complications were reported, one pulmonary thromboembolism due to methylmethacrylate, one extravasation in to the Batson plexus and one extravasation of cement to the interdiscal space. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous vertebroplasty offers an undeniable immediate improvement of pain in patients with fracture of one or more vertebral bodies, with a low rate of complications.

Objetivo Describir la técnica y resultados en cuanto a la mejoría del dolor y complicaciones al realizar este procedimiento mediante guía por tomografía computada. Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de una serie de 108 pacientes a quienes se les realizó vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por tomografía computada realizadas en dos hospitales universitarios, entre mayo 2007 y mayo 2017. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron de forma ambulatoria con anestesia local y se valoró el dolor mediante la escala visual análoga. Resultados Se realizaron 125 vertebroplastias, en el 87,9% de los pacientes (n = 95) se realizó el procedimiento en un cuerpo vertebral, en el 8,3% (n = 9) y 3,7% (n = 4) de los pacientes se cementaron 2 y 3 vertebras respectivamente. El rango de dolor según la escala visual análoga (EVA) previo al tratamiento varió entre 5 y 10, donde un 94% (n = 102) de los pacientes manifestaban una intensidad 10/10. En el postratamiento el rango de dolor varió entre 0a7dondeel 98% de la población reportó un valor menor o igual a 3. Se presentaron 3 complicaciones: tromboembolismo pulmonar por metil-metacrilato, extravasación al plexo de Batson y extravasación al espacio interdiscal, cada una en tres pacientes diferentes. Conclusión La vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por TC ofrece una indiscutible mejora inmediata del dolor en pacientes con fractura de uno o más cuerpos vertebrales, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Objective: To establish the concordance between 18-fluor choline positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) for re-staging patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer according to the TNM system. Materials and methods: The medical records of the Molecular Imaging Section were retrospectively reviewed. The TNM classification was established by us for each method, and the Kappa concordance statistic was used to classify the results according to the Landis and Koch proposal. Results: The PET-choline reported 19 (59.4%) patients N0 and 13 (40.6%) N1, while CT reported 28 (87.5%) N0 and 4 (12.5%) N1. In metastasis classification PET-choline established M0 in 17 (53.1%) patients, M1a in 1 (3.1%), M1b in 5 (15.6%), M1c in 1 (3.1%), M1a + M1b in 7 (21.9%), and M1b + M1c in 1 (3.1%). On the other hand, CT was M0 in 23 (71.9%) patients, M1a in 2 (6.25%), M1a + M1b in 2 (6.25%), and M1b + M1c in 5 (15.6%). The correlation between PET-choline and CT in the TNM lymph node and metastasis classifications was 71.88%, with a Kappa of 0.3455 (standard error 0.1336; P=.0049) and 62.5% with Kappa 0.3725 (standard error 0.0847; P=.0001), respectively. Discussion: Several studies have shown a high diagnostic accuracy of PET-choline detecting the spread of the disease compared to conventional methods. Conclusion: There is poor concordance for metastatic and lymph node classifications according to the TNM system between choline-PET and CT.

Objetivo: Establecer la concordancia de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) con 18- flúor colina y la tomografía computada (TC) para la reestadificación ganglionar (N) y metastásica (M) del TNM en la recaída bioquímica del cáncer de próstata. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en Imágenes moleculares. En cada método establecimos la clasificación TNM ganglionar y metastásica. Se utilizó el índice de concordancia Kappa, categorizando los resultados según lo propuesto por Landis y Koch. Resultados: De los 32 pacientes con PET-colina y TC, en la clasificación ganglionar con PET-colina, 19 (59,4%) fueron N0 y 13 (40,6%), N1; mientras que en la TC, 28 (87,5%) fueron N0 y 4 (12,5%), N1. En la clasificación metastásica, el método PET-colina identificó M0 en 17 (53,1%) pacientes, M1a en 1 (3,1%), M1b en 5 (15,6%), M1c en 1 (3,1%), M1a + M1b en 7 (21,9%), M1b + M1c en 1 (3,1%); mientras que la TC reportó M0 en 23 (71,9%), M1a en 2 (6,25%), M1a + M1b en 2 y M1b + M1c en 5 (15,6%). La concordancia en la clasificación TNM ganglionar y metastásica entre PET-colina y TC fue de 71,88% con 0,3455 de Kappa (error estándar: 0,1336; p= 0,0049) y de 62,5% con 0,3725 de Kappa (error estándar: 0,0847; p = 0,0001), respectivamente. Discusión: El método PET-colina demostró alta exactitud diagnóstica en la extensión de la enfermedad, con respecto a los métodos convencionales. Conclusión: La concordancia entre el método PET-colina y la TC para la clasificación TNM ganglionar y metastásica no es buena.

Avaliou-se o balanço hídrico e o limite superior de tolerância osmótica em larvas pré-metamórficas do Rhinella arenarum (etapa 26 de Gosner) sob condições de incubação semiestáticas, num meio eletrolítico (NaCl) e não eletrolítico (manitol), seguindo um protocolo de aumento progressivo da pressão osmótica do meio. A quantificação das respostas se efetuou por meio da medição dos valores de peso úmido e seco e do cálculo, a partir destes, do conteúdo de água, como variável derivada indicativa do equilíbrio hídrico. A análise estatística foi realizada usando análise univariada e multivariada. As larvas conseguiram sobreviver em soluções eletrolíticas e não eletrolíticas até 200 mOsm. A função discriminante foi a melhor ferramenta para descrever as respostas dos animais ao estresse osmótico ambiental. Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos em estudos anteriores, usando um protocolo de exposição aguda aos mesmos meios de incubação usados neste estudo. Concluiu-se: a) a análise multivariada é a aproximação adequada para descrever as respostas das larvas às mudanças nos parâmetros físico-químicos do seu meio; e b) tanto a aclimatação progressiva, como as exposições agudas às soluções experimentais induziram as respostas semelhantes.

The water balance and the upper limit of osmotic tolerance of premetamorphic Rhinella arenarum larvae (Gosner's stage 26) was evaluated after semistatic incubation in electrolyte (NaCl) and non-electrolyte (mannitol) media following a protocol of progressively increased osmotic pressure. Wet and dry weights were measured to calculate the water content as a derived variable indicative of the hydric balance. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and integrated multivariate analysis. Tadpoles survived in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions up to 200 mOsm. The discriminant function was the best tool to describe the responses of the animals to external environmental stress under experimental conditions. The results were compared with those obtained in previous studies using a protocol of acute exposure to the same media used in this study. It was concluded that a) multivariate analysis is an appropriate approach to describe the responses of tadpoles to changes in the environmental physicochemical parameters, and b) progressive and acute acclimation to the experimental solutions induced similar responses.

Freqüentemente, têm-se obtido aumentos na produção de grãos de milho em resposta ao Zn, em solos brasileiros. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar fontes e modos de aplicação de Zn à cultura do milho. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de polietileno com capacidade de 10 litros, utilizando-se amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro de textura média. Aplicou-se calcário para se atingir 70% de saturação do solo por bases. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de zinco como óxido, sulfato, EDTA e lignossulfonado, na semente (90 g ha-1), no sulco de semeadura (5,3 kg ha-1) e incorporado (5,3 kg ha-1). As plantas foram colhidas 45 dias após a emergência. A aplicação de zinco via semente é eficiente no fornecimento de Zn para o crescimento das plantas até os 45 dias. A incorporação, independentemente da fonte, e o zinco aplicado como EDTA e lignossulfonado proporcionam maior disponibilidade do nutriente ao milho. O crescimento do sistema radicular é prejudicado quando há muito Zn disponível na zona de crescimento. A dose de 5,3 kg ha-1 de zinco como EDTA ou lignossulfonado, quando aplicada no sulco de semeadura, é fitotóxica ao milho.

Corn grain yield is very responsive do Zn in Brazilian soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Crop Science Department of the Botucatu College of Agricultural Sciences to compare sources of Zn and their application to corn. Three plants were grown up to 45 days in 10 L pots filled with a Dark Red Latosol (Acrortox, 22% clay). The soil was limed to 70% of base saturation. Zinc was applied to corn seeds (90 g ha-1), in the seed furrow, blended with the basal fertilizers (5.3 kg ha-1) or incorporated to the soil (5.3 kg ha-1) as zinc oxide, zinc sulphate, EDTA-Zn and lignosulphonate-Zn. The seed treatment was effective in supplying Zn during early growth of corn. The incorporation, irrespective of Zn source, as well as the chelate sources led to higher Zn availability to the plants. The corn root system was decreased when Zn availability was too high. The 5.3 kg ha-1 rate of Zn as EDTA or lignosulphonate, when applied in the seed furrow, is phytotoxic to corn plants.